Confounded association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of biliary tract cancer: Result from three cohorts

Recent epidemiological studies suggested that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC), however, confounders were not adequately controlled. Our study aimed to evaluate PPI use and subsequent risk of BTC and its subtypes in three well-established cohorts. We conducted a pooled analysis of the subjects free of cancers in UK Biobank (n = 463 643), Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 80 235) and NHS II (n = 95 869). Propensity score weighted Cox models were used to estimate marginal HRs of PPIs use on BTC risk, accounting for potential confounders. We documented 284 BTC cases in UK Biobank (median follow-up: 7.6 years), and 91 cases in NHS and NHS II cohorts (median follow-up: 15.8 years). In UK biobank, PPI users had a 96% higher risk of BTC compared to nonusers in crude model (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.44-2.66), but the effect was attenuated to null after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.60-1.49). PPI use was not associated with risk of BTC in the pooled analysis of three cohorts (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.60-1.43). We also observed no associations between PPI use with risk of intrahepatic (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.49-2.04), extrahepatic bile duct (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.52-2.27) and gallbladder cancers (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.26-1.66) in UK Biobank. In summary, regular use of PPIs was not associated with the risk of BTC and its subtypes.     

腹腔镜经脐单一部位幽门环肌切开术治疗小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的临床效果研究

目的研究腹腔镜经脐单一部位幽门环肌切开术治疗小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的临床效果。方法100例小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄患儿作为研究对象,按照随机方式分为观察组和对照组,每组50例。对照组采用腹腔镜幽门环肌切开术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜经脐单一部位幽门环肌切开术治疗。观察记录患儿的手术结果及随访结果,并比较两组患儿手术时间、术后住院时间。结果手术过程顺利,100例患儿均成功完成手术,无一例中转开腹手术,无并发症发生。观察组患儿术后6 h将胃管取下,少量喂入温水后逐渐过渡到喂糖水、喂奶;对照组患儿术后24 h开始逐渐进食。患儿术后进行6个月的延续性随访,观察组患儿切口恢复美观,已经无法观察到切口瘢痕,两组患儿的生长发育均显示正常状态。观察组患儿手术时间(21.23±1.65)min及术后住院时间(5.58±1.98)d均显著短于对照组的(38.44±1.23)min、(9.67±1.22)d,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄患儿采用腹腔镜经脐单一部位幽门环肌切开术治疗,手术效果良好,手术创伤小而且安全。     

Zhang Weishen: A Pioneer in the Development and Industrial Production of Penicillin in New China

The research and development of penicillin started with difficulty before 1949 and achieved certain results. In 1951, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Weishen, as the only Chinese scientist who had been trained and worked in a penicillin research and development center in the United States for many years, overcame many difficulties and returned to China. In 1953, with the efforts of Zhang Weishen and his colleagues, China realized the industrialized production of penicillin, alleviating the urgent needs of the masses. Antibiotics has also become the first discipline to achieve major scientific and technological achievements after the founding of the New China. In the mid-1950s, the technical breakthrough in the localization of lactose substitutes marked the localization of the raw materials of the penicillin-producing culture medium, which paved the way for the industrialized production of penicillin with Chinese characteristics. Antibiotics have become one of the most widely used and affordable drugs for hundreds of millions of patients in China, and China has since ended the humiliating history of the “Sick Man of East Asia".     

基于CiteSpace的结直肠癌患者生命质量研究

目的：通过中英文文献了解结直肠癌患者生命质量研究现状及发展趋势。方法：运用CiteSpace对中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science核心数据集、PubMed、Cochrane Library中收录的关于结直肠癌患者生命质量研究的中英文文献进行可视化分析。结果：检索得到中文文献1 285篇，英文文献871篇，中英文文献发文量均呈上升趋势，相关研究关注的重点主要是结直肠癌患者造口、抑郁、免疫、肠道功能、化疗及化疗药物，但机构之间、学者之间合作程度及研究类型等方面存在一定差异。结论：中文文献相关研究起步晚、发展快，但在研究质量与研究深度等方面与英文文献相比还有一定差距；国内学者之间、机构之间应加强合作，关心患者肠道功能、心理状况，提高患者体力活动水平，开展更多高质量研究。     

Comparison between tension band and cerclage with X-Plate and lag screws in treatment of comminuted patellar fractures

BackgroundComminuted patellar fractures are not rare, and the ideal treatment method remains controversial. The present study was conducted to evaluate effects and compare complications of two different methods used to treat comminuted patellar fractures.MethodsFrom March 2010 to August 2016, 102 cases of 34-C2 or 34-C3 comminuted patellar fractures were treated at our hospital, wherein patients received two different treatments: titanium cable tension band with cerclage method (group A) and intrafragmentary screws with X-shaped plating technique (group B). At follow-ups, articular step-off, range of motion (ROM), Lysholm scores, time of union, and complications were recorded and analyzed. Radiographic and clinical data as well as rate of complications were statistically analyzed.ResultsIn total, 87 patients were included in the final analysis (n = 47 in group A and n = 40 in group B). No significant differences were noted in terms of cost of implant, age, gender, rate of 34-C3 fractures, rate of layered inferior pole fractures, postoperative articular step-off and union time. At 2-year follow-up, average Lysholm scores, ROM and rate of complications were (89.0 ± 4.5), (122°±12°) and (27.7%) in group A and (90.2 ± 3.9), (124°±11°) and (17.5%) in group B, respectively, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). The mean time of surgery in group B was shorter than that in group A with significant difference (p < 0.05).ConclusionsTreatment using the intrafragmentary screws and plate method for amenable comminuted patellar fractures achieved similar complication rate and favorable functional outcomes at the 2-year follow-up, which was comparable to the titanium cable tension band with cerclage method. Thus, the intrafragmentary screws and plate method is effective, safe and convenient for 34-C2/C3 comminuted patellar fractures, especially appropriate for patients with layered fragments.     

基于数据库挖掘和分子生物学探讨白藜芦醇治疗肺腺癌的作用机制

目的 结合生物信息学与分子生物学探讨白藜芦治疗肺腺癌的作用机制。方法 从DrugBank获取白藜芦醇作用靶点信息，运用STRING数据库构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络。在TCGA数据库中分析靶标基因在肿瘤及正常组织中表达量，预示其在肿瘤发生发展中的影响。然后，运用随机森林和单因素COX回归的分析方法对靶标基因进行筛选。结合生物信息学结果，使用分子生物学探究白藜芦醇治疗肺腺癌的作用机制。结果 基于白藜芦醇作用靶点的PPI网络，筛选出10个Hub基因，其中溶质载体家族2成员1（SLC2A1），花生四烯酸5-脂氧合酶（ALOX5），过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARG）和花生四烯酸15-脂氧合酶（ALOX15）在肿瘤和正常组织中表达量具有显著差异。然后，随机森林和单因素COX回归分析结果表明SLC2A1对肺腺癌的生存和预后意义重大。KM-plotter生存分析结果显示SLC2A1表达量与肺癌患者的总体生存率（OS），初次进展（FP），进展后生存率（PPS）均紧密相关。分子生物学实验也进一步证明白藜芦醇能够通过降低SLC2A1表达，抑制肺腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移。免疫组化评分显示SLC2A1在肿瘤和正常组织中蛋白表达量具有显著差异。结论 白藜芦醇通过降低SLC2A1表达，抑制肺腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移，在肺腺癌的临床治疗中具有深远意义。     

球囊辅助内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术治疗胆总管/胰-空肠吻合口狭窄后复发再狭窄的影响

目的探讨球囊辅助内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(BAE-ERCP)治疗胆总管/胰-空肠吻合口狭窄后对复发再狭窄的影响。方法以2016年10月至2017年5月于焦作市第二人民医院行BAE+ERCP治疗的78例胆总管/胰-空肠吻合口狭窄患者作为研究对象进行回顾性分析,根据患者术后随访3年的调查,将发生胆总管/胰-空肠吻合口再狭窄的患者列为复发组,未发生胆总管/胰-空肠吻合口再狭窄的患者列为正常组,分析术后复发率情况,并对比两组患者入院时的临床资料、手术相关资料,采用二元Logistic回归分析术后再狭窄的影响因素。结果78例胆总管/胰-空肠吻合口狭窄患者中,术后3年内共发生胆总管/胰-空肠吻合口再狭窄25例,复发率为32.05%,其中一年内复发15例,复发率为19.23%。分组后,经二元Logistic回归分析显示,术后CT检查见吻合部腰状线、原发病术后至BAE-ERCP间隔时间长是影响BAE-ERCP术后胆总管/胰-空肠吻合口再狭窄的独立危险因素(O^R=1.552/1.782,P=0.011/0.004)。结论BAE-ERCP治疗胆总管/胰-空肠吻合口狭窄后1年或3年内均有一定的吻合口再狭窄率,通过观察术后吻合口狭窄恢复情况可判断吻合口再狭窄风险,而通过尽早进行首次BAE-ERCP治疗也可降低吻合口再狭窄的风险。     

Cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRP) in inflammatory diseases: Molecular insights of its associated signalling pathways

Cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRP) was previously identified as an intracellular stress‐response protein, which can respond to a variety of stress conditions by changing its expression and regulating mRNA stability through its binding site on the 3′‐UTR of its targeted mRNAs. Recently, extracellular CIRP (eCIRP) was discovered to be present in various inflammatory conditions and could act as a pro‐inflammatory factor. Genetic studies have demonstrated a key role for eCIRP in inflammatory conditions that led to the importance of targeting eCIRP in these diseases. Currently, the underlying mechanism of eCIRP‐induced inflammation is under intensive investigation and several signalling pathways are being explored. Here, we epitomized various signalling pathways that mediate the pro‐inflammatory effects of CIRP and also recapitulated all the CIRP‐derived peptides that can block the interaction between CIRP and its receptors in inflammatory setting.